Background Informed consent is one of the key principles of conducting research involving humans. When research participants give consent, they perform an act in which they utter, write or otherwise provide an authorisation to somebody to do something. This paper proposes a new understanding of the informed consent as a compositional act. This conceptualisation departs from a modular conceptualisation of informed consent procedures. Methods This paper is a conceptual analysis that explores what consent is and what it does or does (...) not do. It presents a framework that explores the basic elements of consent and breaks it down into its component parts. It analyses the consent act by first identifying its basic elements, namely: a) data subjects or legal representative that provides the authorisation of consent; b) a specific thing that is being consented to; and c) specific agent(s) to whom the consent is given. Results This paper presents a framework that explores the basic elements of consent and breaks it down into its component parts. It goes beyond only providing choices to potential research participants; it explains the rationale of those choices or consenting acts that are taking place when speaking or writing an authorisation to do something to somebody. Conclusions We argue that by clearly differentiating the goals, the procedures of implementation, and what is being done or undone when one consent, one can better face the challenges of contemporary data-intensive biomedical research, particularly regarding the retention and use of data. Conceptualising consent as a compositional act enhances more efficient communication and accountability and, therefore, could enable more trustworthy acts of consent in biomedical science. (shrink)

BackgroundEthics review is the process of assessing the ethics of research involving humans. The Ethics Review Committee (ERC) is the key oversight mechanism designated to ensure ethics review. Whether or not this governance mechanism is still fit for purpose in the data-driven research context remains a debated issue among research ethics experts.Main textIn this article, we seek to address this issue in a twofold manner. First, we review the strengths and weaknesses of ERCs in ensuring ethical oversight. Second, we map (...) these strengths and weaknesses onto specific challenges raised by big data research. We distinguish two categories of potential weakness. The first category concerns persistent weaknesses, i.e., those which are not specific to big data research, but may be exacerbated by it. The second category concerns novel weaknesses, i.e., those which are created by and inherent to big data projects. Within this second category, we further distinguish between purview weaknesses related to the ERC’s scope (e.g., how big data projects may evade ERC review) and functional weaknesses, related to the ERC’s way of operating. Based on this analysis, we propose reforms aimed at improving the oversight capacity of ERCs in the era of big data science.ConclusionsWe believe the oversight mechanism could benefit from these reforms because they will help to overcome data-intensive research challenges and consequently benefit research at large. (shrink)

BackgroundIn this article, we address questions regarding how people consider what they do or do not consent to and the reasons why. This article presents the findings of a citizen forum study conducted by the University of Geneva in partnership with the Geneva University Hospitals to explore the opinions and concerns of members of the public regarding predictive oncology, genetic sequencing, and cancer. MethodsThis paper presents the results of a citizen forum that included 73 participants. A research tool titled "the (...) mechanics of consent" was designed for this study. This tool is a table encouraging participants to reflect on social and research actors, types of data, and desired levels of control while sharing different types of data with different actors. Participants’ discussion that led to the completion of each table were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe results are a compilation of responses from the mechanics of consent tool divided into two sections; the first presents quantitative results of collective responses regarding attitudes to consent to donate their data. The second section present qualitative findings emerged from the discussion amongst participants.DiscussionChoice and control of personal data is crucial for the public to be able to decide who and how to trust. Key information to be disclosed to potential research participants shall include information about potential risks and benefits; who will be accessing and using their data; as well as assurances that their choice will be respected. Furthermore, researchers ought to make sure they are trustworthy, by acting in a competent, reliable, and honest manner. Governance systems ought to be better equipped to address ethical issues raise by the growing presence of non-traditional research actors, consent of exchanges of data via digital devices and online activity such as social media and fairness of data trading. Finally, informed consent is one of the various elements that contribute to conducting ethical research. More needs to be done to strengthen governance and ensure adequate protection of research participants, particularly to address issues related to predictive health analytics. (shrink)

What happens when management consultants enter the academic arena and offer their services to universities? In the following article, we examine this question by drawing on findings from a qualitative study based on a series of 30 interviews with senior management consultants and academic managers in Germany. The aim of this explorative study is, first of all, to provide theoretically informed observations about the working mechanisms of management consulting in academia. A second, and related objective, is to contribute to the (...) ongoing debate on the changing nature, role, and implications of managerial expertise and authority in higher education institutions. We begin our study by providing an overview of the literature on the changing nature of university management. Although these studies show a shift in the power constellation of universities from professional to managerial authority, we argue that they remain suspiciously vague as concerns the way academics and managers actually deal with this conflicting situation. By drawing on the insights of consulting studies, we then explore the stakes of consultancy in academic change projects and determine the analytical factors that will guide our qualitative analysis. Finally, we present and discuss the findings before concluding with more general remarks on the nature of academic management in German universities. (shrink)

European quality assurance has a complicated history that must be viewed as taking place on two levels: first, in a national effort to deregulate the public sector and to make universities accountable for their teaching performance; and second, a supranational endeavor to accomplish European integration in the field of higher education. Similarly, the web of institutional constraints and opportunity structures in which accreditation agencies are embedded spans two policy levels, the national and the European. In this paper, we examine how (...) German accreditation agencies achieve some level of autonomy in a highly entrenched institutional environment. The paper is based on a qualitative study comprising archival data and over 70 semi-structured interviews. Drawing on the insights of neo-institutional theory, we argue that quality assurance agencies seek political leverage at the European level in order to strengthen their standing in the higher education systems of their own countries. (shrink)

With this special issue, we would like to promote research on changes in the funding of the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Since funding secures the livelihood of researchers and the means to do research, it is an indispensable condition for almost all research; as funding arrangements are undergoing dramatic changes, we think it timely to renew the science studies community’s efforts to understand the funding of research. Changes in the governance of science have garnered considerable attention from science studies (...) and higher education research; however, the impact of these changes on the conduct and content of research has not received sufficient attention, and theoretical insights into the connections between funding practices and research practices are few and far between. The aim of this special issue is to contribute to our theoretical understanding of the changing nature of research funding and its impact on the production of scientific knowledge. More specifically, we are interested in the interplay between funding and research practices: What is the impact of institutionalised funding arrangements on the production of scientific knowledge? (shrink)

Although existing scholarship offers critical insights into the working mechanisms of project-based research funding, little is known about the actual practice of writing grant proposals. Our study seeks to add a longitudinal dimension to the ongoing debate on the implications of competitive research funding by focusing on the incremental adjustment of the funder/fundee relationship around a common discursive practice that consists in describing and evaluating research projects: How has the perception of what constitutes a legitimate funding claim changed over time (...) and why? By investigating the normative framework enacted in the justification strategies of applicants, we shed light on the historical coevolution of the increasing competition for project funding, the epistemic culture of applicants, and grant writing rhetoric. To do this, we mobilize a comprehensive data set consisting of archival data from Europe’s oldest and largest funding agency, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, as well as a corpus of 80 successful grant proposals written between 1975 and 2005. We find that the 1990s mark an important normative consolidation of what we consider to be a legitimate funding claim: Ensuring the success of the project and the project’s results becomes a major concern in applicant rhetoric. This time period coincides with a substantive rise in the level of competition for project funding. Yet, even though justification strategies might seem to address the same issues in grant proposals across the disciplines under investigation, the normative framework to which applicants refer differs according to the applicant’s epistemic culture. (shrink)

El desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología y de las competencias técnicas ha impulsado el desarrollo de las sociedad haciéndolas más complejas, causando que las aptitudes emocionales se conviertan en factores de éxito, ya que afectan el desempeño humano en todos los escenarios donde se desenvuelve, no obstante a pesar de las investigaciones en este área, actualmente no se cuenta con modelos que relacionen dichas aptitudes con el rendimiento organizacional, lo cual dio origen a esta investigación que busca determinar (...) el impacto de dichas competencias en la ejecución de proyectos en la empresa ENGISERV VENEZUELA C.A. Para realizar el estudio la metodología usada considero que se trata de una investigación de campo, no experimental y transversal. La población fue de 35 expertos en proyectos y la muestra se seleccionó por el método probabilístico aleatorio simple, Concluyéndose que las competencias emocionales afectan el rendimiento de los proyectos cerca 83,4%. Palabras Clave: Inteligencia emocional, competencias emocionales, rendimiento de proyectos. Referencias [1]J. García. «Caminos de la reflexión La teoría Orteguiana de las ideas y las creencias en el contexto de la escuela de Madrid».Edición 8, España: Biblioteca Nueva 2009. [2]D. McClelland. «Testing for Competencies rather than intelligence». American Psychologist. Edicion 1, NewYork, Harvard University 1973. [3]Levy-Leboyer, Claude. «Gestión de las Competencias».Edición 1, Ediciones Gestión 2000. Barcelona, España 1997. [4]R. Bisquerra. “Educación emocional y competencias básicas para la vida”. RIE, vol 21, pp. 1, 7-43. Junio 2003. [5]R. Fragoso "Inteligencia emocional y competencias emocionales en educación superior, ¿un mismo concepto?” RIES, vol. VI, no. 16, pp.110-125. Marzo 2015. [6]J. Sánchez “La competencia emocional en la escuela: una propuesta de organización dimensional y criterial”, RFEA. vol. 25, pp. 79-96, Abril 2010”. [7]Goleman, D. «Working with emotional intelligence». Bantam. 1998. [8]M. Vivas "La educación emocional: conceptos fundamentales." RUI, vol. 4, no. 2, pp.1-21. Agosto.2003. [9]W. Pinkerton. «Project management achieving project bottom-line success», Edicion 1, Pennsylvania Mc-Graw-Hill, 2003. [10]D. Goleman. «Inteligencia emocional en la empresa» Barcelona, España. Editorial Kairós, 2018. [11]C. Michelena. «Estrategias para la elaboración de un proyecto de investigación». Caracas: Insertos Médicos de Venezuela, 2004. [12]R. Sierra. «Técnicas de Investigación Social». Buenos Aires: Editorial Paraninfo.1992. [13]P. Baptista. C. Fernández y R Hernández. “Metodología de la investigación”. México DF: McGraw–Hill.2010. [14]M. Carbonero. “Formación inicial docente y competencias emocionales”: Educ. Pesqui. vol.45. pp.3-20 Abril, 2019. [15]American Management Association. «Leading with emotional intelligence», Nueva York, AMA 2012. (shrink)

Although in Italy there is currently no effective law on physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia, Decision No. 242 issued by the Italian Constitutional Court on September 25, 2019 established that an individual who, under specific circumstances, has facilitated the implementation of an independent and freely-formed resolve to commit suicide by another individual is exempt from criminal liability. Following this ruling, some citizens have submitted requests for assisted suicide to the public health system, generating a situation of great uncertainty in the application (...) processes. As a matter of fact, shared and defined procedures are lacking as Decision 242/2019 merely added some principles on which the legislature will have to base its future intervention. This paper analyses the advisory role that the Decision attributes to territorial ethics committees with the aim of stimulating discussions on their role in oversight mechanisms. The proposed conclusion is that the envisaged role does not appear consistent with the functions of these bodies and is ultimately substantially undefined and unjustified. (shrink)

un diálogo entre “Ante la Ley” de Kafka y La leyenda del santo bebedor de Roth, dos relatos cuya datación casi coinciden literalmente con el periodo de entreguerras, propicia una comparación de interpretaciones en las que participan nombres tan eximios como Benjamin, Arendt, Mann, Scholem, Adorno, Steiner, Magris... En el contexto de los años veinte y treinta del siglo XX, ambos autores plantean una pregunta por la justicia que en manos de autores como Hugo Bergmann, Frank Rosenzweig y Martin Buber (...) dio pie a un replanteamiento del judaísmo centroeuropeo, hoy casi olvidado, y a una revisión de la crisis de la modernidad europea en su conjunto. (shrink)

Consideramos de utilidad el análisis de la expresión "Historia de la Lógica" apelando a la teoría semántica de Frege, según la cual toda expresión lingüística dotada de sentido puede ser concebida como descompuesta en dos partes, una de las cuales está completa en sí misma (el argumento), mientras que la otra precisa de complemento; es no saturada (la función). A la Historia de la Lógica compete determinar la constitución-desaparación de categorías e ideas que en un proceso de desarrollo e influencia (...) mutua han configurado la lógica y la symploké entre esas categorías e ideas constituyen su cuerpo. Para recomponerlo, hemos procurado actuar, según aconseja Platón, como un dialéctico: cortar por las juntas naturales. El resultado ahí está. (shrink)

Background:The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students.Objectives:To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Research design:A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat room platform. A thematic, inductive (...) analysis was performed of the information gathered.Participants and research context:Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic.Ethical considerations:The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.Results:Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions.Conclusions:These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine. (shrink)

Los fondos de inversión se han convertido en los últimos años en un mecanismo frecuente que los clubes de fútbol utilizan para financiar el fichaje de jugadores. Aunque muchos autores han destacado sus efectos beneficiosos al permitir que los clubes adquieran jugadores que de otra manera no podrían conseguir, en este trabajo nos centramos en enfatizar dos problemas que pueden plantear. En primer lugar, hemos tratado de mostrar que pueden generar un progresivo alejamiento de los aficionados. En segundo lugar, a (...) través del dilema del prisionero nos hemos propuesto mostrar que pueden contribuir a aumentar a largo plazo la deuda de los clubes y amenazar el fair play financiero.Investment funds have become in recent years a frequent mechanism football clubs use to finance signing of football players. Although many authors have highlighted their beneficial effects by allowing clubs to acquire players who otherwise they would not get, in this paper we focus on two problems. First, we have tried to show that they can generate a progressive distancing from the fans. Secondly, through the prisoner’s dilemma we intend to show that they can contribute to increasing long-term clubs debt and threaten the financial fair play. (shrink)

El principal objetivo de este estudio consiste en dar cuenta de cómo se enmarca la forma de tratamiento nominal marico en el habla de jóvenes universitarios de Caracas, Venezuela, dentro de la Teoría de la cortesía, según la perspectiva ofrecida por los hablantes. Igualmente, se busca documentar qué cambios está presentando en los contextos de uso así como en sus funciones pragmáticas. Los participantes fueron 60 estudiantes universitarios, 30 mujeres y 30 hombres, de 17 a 21 años. Tradicionalmente, la palabra (...) marico se ha usado como agresión verbal vulgar y ha sido, generalmente, considerada un insulto. Luego del análisis cualitativo de los datos, se plantea que esta FTN se halla en una fase de transición de insulto a marcador pragmático anticortés que indica solidaridad dentro de un grupo etario específico y está perdiendo su carácter agraviador. En la actualidad, la juventud caraqueña emplea esta FTN no solo para implicar lazos de amistad, sino para expresar emociones como sorpresa y enojo, crear efectos de intriga, hacer bromas, abrir y cerrar oraciones e, incluso, sustituir otras FTN que nunca han sido consideradas insultos en el español de Venezuela. La metodología empleada fue el cuestionario y el análisis cualitativo de reportes en primera persona. Las variables de edad y sexo son factores determinantes, puesto que parece haber tendencia entre los jóvenes entrevistados a no emplear esta forma nominal con hablantes que están fuera de su grupo etario y las mujeres siguen siendo conservadoras al restringir, más que los hombres, el uso de este vocablo. (shrink)

La relación entre lengua y sexualidad recién ha comenzado a cobrar importancia dentro de los estudios socioculturales. Este trabajo explora las distintas pistas lingüísticas encriptadas en el cuento La búsqueda de Elizabeth, de Marta Pessarrodona, para desenmascarar la velada identidad sexual del personaje central. Un análisis referente al proceso de reconocimiento, búsqueda y aceptación de una identidad sexual no canónica de la protagonista validará los cuatro principios propuestos por Bucholtz y Hall : afloramiento, indexicalidad, relacionalidad y parcialidad.

This article explores the elaboration of differences through the use of concepts of categories and policies with regard to the Other in France, Germany and the United States. It analyses three approaches in the definition of Otherness: The first one is interactive, that is the interaction between states and groups in search of political recognition. Through interactions one can measure the dynamics and the mechanisms of boundary construction and justify its legitimacy The second approach is normative. It is based on (...) justice and equality as means of recognition. And the third approach is political. It is based both on empirical reality and normative perception and leads to institutional adjustments. All the three approaches come to show how explicitly or implicitly how an element of identity becomes a "permanent difference", and is perceived ad the main source of cleavage in one society; and how this difference change from one society to another but also it switches over the time within one society. (shrink)

The question of immigration and its corollary community and minority formation has always been analysed in relation to states. However, the increasing importance of solidarity beyond national borders on the grounds of one or several identities – national, religious, ethnic, regional – removes the claim of recognition of a collective identity from a national level to an international level and, in the European Union, to a supranational level. Such an evolution places territory at the core of the analysis of citizenship (...) and nationhood, for communities as well as states. This article will attempt to show that in this new configuration, negotiations between states and immigrants are brought beyond borders in order for states to maintain the ‘power’ of incorporation and citizenship while expanding their influence beyond their territories and to compete with transnational communities in their engagement in the process of globalization. (shrink)

La autora explica el consumo adolescente por su sentido reafirmador en esa etapa, analiza el impacto de ellas en el sistema nervioso, postula que a población tiende a autorregular su consumo, distingue el abuso de la dependencia a las drogas y lo vincula al contexto de la vida adolescente, en particular en los sectores pobres. Finalmente aborda el tema de la rehabilitación y debate el contexto social en sus estrategias ante los jóvenes consumidores.

Martin Heidegger and Immanuel Kant - two important pillars of contemporary philosophy-were proficient critics of traditional metaphysics in their time. They were known to be critical of a sort of metaphysical striving predisposed to grounding or representing an elusive concept of the universal.. Kant had earlier deconstructed a pre-eminent feature of Western metaphysics, namely, the socalled essence of thing, had it consigned to the noumenon evocative of the paradoxical nature of human knowing: it regulates the boundaries according to which any (...) notion of the infinite, the universal or the absolute can be reflexively thematized, or, thus strategically said, problematized. (shrink)

RESUMENLa melancolía no era desconocida en el mundo clásico. Al contrario, era un ámbito en el que los hombres melancólicos abundaban. Aristóteles, en el texto de Problemas XXX, 1, introduce una precisión acerca de este tema. Dice: Todos los hombres excepcionales son melancólicos. Esta condición obedece, según el Estagirita, a causa físicas –un exceso de bilis negra- y, por tanto, todos aquellos que tengan este exceso participarán también de la excepcionalidad que está reservada a los grandes personajes. Se trata de (...) una afirmación extraña si tenemos en cuenta otros pasajes aristotélicos y que ha provocado interpretaciones diversas y abundantes comentarios. En este trabajo propongo analizar la cuestión de la melancolía en ese texto aristotélico a partir, en primer lugar, de la ubicación del problema en el mundo clásico, avanzando luego hacia una definición de melancolía según el espíritu del Estagirita y su ubicación dentro del corpus doctrinal para finalizar con una conclusión que propone una interpretación base en algunos conceptos de matriz medieval.PALABRAS CLAVEMelancolía - Genialidad - Aristóteles - Tomás de AquinoABSTRACTMelancholy was not unknown in the classic era. On the contrary, that was a time in which melancholic men were many. Aristotle, in the Problems XXX, 1, introduces a precision about this topic. He says: All the exceptional men are melancholic. This condition obeys, according to the Estageira-born, to physical causes – an excess of black bile - and, therefore, all those who have this excess will take part also of the exceptional nature that is reserved to the eminent figures. That is a strange statement if we bear in mind other Aristotelic passages, and it has raised a wide range of interpretations as well as numerous comments. In this work I analyze the question of melancholy in this text, beginning with the contextualization of the problem in the classic world, advancing then towards a definition of melancholy according to the spirit of the Estageira-born and its place inside his doctrinal corpus, finishing with a conclusion that proposes a basic interpretation in some concepts of medieval inspiration.KEYWORDSMelancholy, genius, Aristotle, Thomas Aqu. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar un aspecto parti-cular de la demonología alejandrina y siríaca a partir del así llamadoδαίμων πλάνος o demonio errante, que Evagrio Pón-tico presenta en su tratado Sobre los pensamientos. Este demonio tiene como misión particular distraer al monje de la finalidad que le es pro-pia y disponerlo al ataque de demo-nios más peligrosos y dañinos. Esta figura es inaugurada por Evagrio y retomada algunos siglos más tarde por autores siríacos que la desarro-llan y aplican (...) de diversos modos en sus obras espirituales. Me detendré, además del texto evagriano, en la obra de uno de sus comentadores más reconocidos: José Hazzaya. (shrink)

This paper intends to show the presence of the concept of natural law in the work of Alcuin of York, through an interpretation of his writings. The author asserts the existence of a natural law, that is proper to man, identified with freedom and based in human nature. So, the natural law is inalienable and, in consequence, supposes the prohibition of slavery. Finally, I touch on women as subjects of this natural and essential freedom.

Si bien la influencia de Clemente de Alejandría sobre Evagrio Póntico ha sido señalada por autores como Antoine Guillaumont y Paul Géhin, este trabajo se orienta a considerar su presencia en el círculo de los discípulos de Evagrio y, paralelamente, reconsiderar las temáticas en las que, efectivamente, existió tal influencia. Utilizaré como texto de base para el análisis los Chapitres des disciples d’Évagre, un largo texto que reúne una serie de breves capítulos o kephalaia con enseñanzas de Evagrio que fueron (...) recogidas por sus discípulos, en los que puede observarse la influencia clementina. Me detendré particularmente en dos conceptos importantes para ambos autores: la apatheia y la amistad espiritual, lo cual permitirá, a mi entender, relativizar la autoridad de Clemente en Evagrio y los círculos cultos de los Padres del Desierto. (shrink)

In recent years, bioethical discourse around the topic of ‘genetic enhancement’ has become increasingly politicized. We fear there is too much focus on the semantic question of whether we should call particular practices and emerging bio-technologies such as CRISPR ‘eugenics’, rather than the more important question of how we should view them from the perspective of ethics and policy. Here, we address the question of whether ‘eugenics’ can be defended and how proponents and critics of enhancement should engage with each (...) other. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se discuten las nociones de filosofía y espiritualidad, tratadas por M. Foucault en La hermenéutica del sujeto, que relacionan el sujeto con la verdad. Si la filosofía del conócete a ti mismo trata la relación cognoscitiva del sujeto con la verdad a la que tiene derecho, entonces la espiritualidad del cuidado de sí trata de la transformación experiencial que requiere la verdad para que el sujeto acceda a ella. Este es el contexto en el que M. Foucault se refiere (...) a M. Heidegger y J. Lacan como los autores que pensaron la relación entre el sujeto y la verdad. Se discute en ambos casos la distinción entre la filosofía y la espiritualidad: en Lacan, porque la experiencia psicoanalítica aparece como vivencia espiritual del cuidado de sí; en Heidegger, porque el Dasein y la verdad como desocultamiento muestran la filosofía como actividad espiritual por excelencia. ABSTRACT The article discusses the notions of philosophy and spirituality relating the subject to truth, as dealt with by M. Foucault in The Hermeneutics of the Subject. While the philosophy of “know thyself” deals with the cognitive relation of subjects to the truth they have a right to, the spirituality of the care of the self has to do with the experiential transformation necessary for subjects to have access to truth. It is in this context that M. Foucault refers to M. Heidegger and J. Lacan as authors who thought the relation between subject and truth. In both cases, the distinction between philosophy and spirituality is discussed: in the case of Lacan, because the psychoanalytical experience appears as a spiritual experience of the care of the self, and in that of Heidegger, because Dasein and truth as unveiling reveal philosophy to be a spiritual experience par excellence. (shrink)

Se discuten las nociones de filosofía y espiritualidad, tratadas por M. Foucault en La hermenéutica del sujeto, que relacionan el sujeto con la verdad. Si la filosofía del conócete a ti mismo trata la relación cognoscitiva del sujeto con la verdad a la que tiene derecho, entonces la espiritualidad del cuidado de sí trata de la transformación experiencial que requiere la verdad para que el sujeto acceda a ella. Este es el contexto en el que M. Foucault se refiere a (...) M. Heidegger y J. Lacan como los autores que pensaron la relación entre el sujeto y la verdad. Se discute en ambos casos la distinción entre la filosofía y la espiritualidad: en Lacan, porque la experiencia psicoanalítica aparece como vivencia espiritual del cuidado de sí; en Heidegger, porque el Dasein y la verdad como desocultamiento muestran la filosofía como actividad espiritual por excelencia. (shrink)

In eukaryotic cells, messenger RNAs are formed by extensive posttranscriptional processing of primary transcripts, assembled with a large number of proteins and processing factors in ribonucleoprotein complexes. The protein moiety of these complexes mainly constitutes a class of about 20 major polypeptides called heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins or hnRNPs. The function and the mechanism of action of hnRNPs is still not fully understood, but the identification of RNA binding domains and RNA binding specificities, and the development of new functional assays, has (...) stimulated interest in them. In contrast to previous models that hypothesised a mere structural (histone‐like) function, a more diversified and dynamic role for these proteins is now emerging. In fact, they can be viewed as a subset of the trans‐acting pre‐mRNA maturation factors. They might actively participate in post‐transcriptional events such as regulated splicing and mRNA export. Moreover, recent data suggest an involvement of some of these proteins in molecular diseases. Here we present an overview of the most relevant properties of hnRNPs and discuss some emerging ideas on theiir roles. (shrink)

This brief text assists students in understanding Fodor's philosophy and thinking so they can more fully engage in useful, intelligent class dialogue and improve their understanding of course content. Part of the Wadsworth Notes Series, (which will eventually consist of approximately 100 titles, each focusing on a single "thinker" from ancient times to the present), ON FODOR is written by a philosopher deeply versed in the philosophy of this key thinker. Like other books in the series, this concise book offers (...) sufficient insight into the thinking of a notable philosopher, better enabling students to engage in reading and to discuss the material in class and on paper. (shrink)

This is a new translation of and commentary on Pico della Mirandola's most famous work, the Oration on the Dignity of Man. It is the first English edition to provide readers with substantial notes on the text, essays that address the work's historical, philosophical and theological context, and a survey of its reception. Often called the 'Manifesto of the Renaissance', this brief but complex text was originally composed in 1486 as the inaugural speech for an assembly of intellectuals, which could (...) have produced one of the most exhaustive metaphysical, theological and psychological debates in history, had Pope Innocent VIII not forbidden it. This edition of the Oration reflects the spirit of the original text in bringing together experts in different fields. Not unlike the debate Pico optimistically anticipated, the resulting work is superior to the sum of its parts. (shrink)